Earths global Energy Budget

Earth’s Global energy Budget is an article written by Kevin Trenberth, John Fasullo, and Jeffery Kiehi. This article dwells on various issues related to earth’s energy budget. It also focuses on the sources of earth’s energy and various methods used to measure it (Trenberth, Fasullo, and Kiehl 1).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Earth’s global Energy Budget specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Sources of Earth’s Energy Earth’s climate is determined by the quantity and distribution of ration from the sun. A stable climate is usually achieved when outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) regulates incoming absorbed solar radiation (ASR). Inward bound radiant energy is usually absorbed by the earth’s atmosphere. The shortwave energy (radiant solar) is converted into kinetic energy, potential energy and latent energy before is it released as longwave radiant energy (Trenberth, Fa sullo, and Kiehl 1). Energy may be transported in different forms, stored for a short period or transformed into the different types, thus creating different types of climate on earth’s surface. In addition, the energy balance can be altered in several ways adjusting earth’s climate and weather (Trenberth, Fasullo, and Kiehl 1). Modern technology is currently being used to estimate and analyze earth’s energy budget. Some experts have used satellite data to document earth’s energy budget for the annual cycle and inter-annual changeability. Several new measurements have been done, especially from CERES (clouds and the earth’s radiant energy system) devices on a number of platforms. In addition, there are several new estimates made about earth’s energy budget that are credible. Several examinations on the content of ocean heat have also provided a comprehensive analysis of the global heat balance (Trenberth, Fasullo, and Kiehl 2). For example, Trenberth, Fasullo, and Kiehl present an evaluation of the earth’s energy budgets at the surface and Top of atmosphere (TOA) for the global ambiance, land surface and ocean on the basis of ocean temperature estimates, land domain simulations and analysis of data retrieved from satellite (2). They limited the TOA budget to correspond to estimates of the global disparity during latest periods of satellite coverage related to adjustments in climate and atmospheric composition (Trenberth, Fasullo, and Kiehl 2). They also analyze the ocean heat budget in great detail and provide observable estimates of energy deviation and a complete evaluation of uncertainty. By discretely examining the land and ocean spheres, Trenberth, Fasullo, and Kiehl discovered a setback in the previous alteration made to Earth Radiation Budget Experiment data when NOAA-9 fail and found it appropriate to harmonize the record independently over land and ocean rather than on a global basis.Advertising Lo oking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The outcome was a modified and somewhat better value for the global outgoing longwave radiation than in KT97. Nonetheless, even larger adjustments emerged from using CERES data that apparently reveal better precision of CERES retrievals and its accuracies in retrieval method as well as its utilization of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer technology for scene recognition (Trenberth, Fasullo, and Kiehl 2). The discussions above have outlined some of the key issues and problems associated with determining earth’s energy budget. It is appropriate to inspect the ocean and land spheres independently so as to take advantage of the limitations that arises with them and particularly to the capability of the land and ocean to store energy. Earth’ Energy Imbalance and Implications According to the article Earth’ Energy Imbalance and Impl ications, human beings are potentially susceptible to changes in global temperature. Although climate change is caused by several environmental agents, there is a general concession that the current trend in global warming is as a result of human activities that have altered atmospheric composition (Hansen, Sato and Kharecha 1). Causes of Global Warming The greenhouse effect is basically the major cause of global warming. For example, when the level of carbon dioxide rises, the atmosphere becomes denser at infrared wavelengths. A denser atmosphere causes the earth’s heat radiation in space to emerge from high and colder regions of the atmosphere thereby preventing heat energy to escape to space. The short-term imbalance between the heat energy absorbed by the atmosphere and heat energy released to space causes the earth to warm until planetary energy equilibrium is re-established. A climate forcing is defined by planetary energy discrepancy attributed to an adjustment of atmo spheric composition. Climate sensitivity, defined as the ultimate change of global temperature per unit forcing, is a well-known phenomenon. However, there are two key elements that constrain the ability of humans to predict changes in global temperatures on a long-term basis (Hansen, Sato and Kharecha 1). The first element is climate forcing brought about by man-made aerosol which is virtually immeasurable. Aerosols are fine elements; such as sulfates, dust and black soot, suspended in the air. Aerosol climate forcing is intricate since aerosols both absorb solar radiation (which increases temperatures) and reflect solar radiation to space (causing temperatures to fall). Moreover, atmospheric aerosol can change cloud properties and cloud cover. Second, the rate at which the temperature of the earth’s surface moves toward stability in reaction to a climatic forcing is determined by the manner in which heat perturbations are efficiently blended into the ocean (Hansen, Sato and Kharecha 2).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Earth’s global Energy Budget specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Climate sensitivity is determined by climate feedbacks- which entail numerous physical processes that arise when climate adjusts in reaction to a forcing. Positive (magnifying) feedbacks raise the climate response whereas negative (weakening) feedbacks decrease the response. Climate problem are mainly caused climate feedbacks. Climate feedbacks are complex phenomena to grasp because a climate forcing can be wrongly interpreted as a climate feedback and vice versa. Climate models- developed on the basis of physical laws that portray the dynamics and structure of the land processes, ocean and atmosphere- are utilized to simulate climate. These models help climate experts to grasp the nature of climate sensitivity since they can alter processes in the climate model and examine their interactions (Hanse n, Sato and Kharecha 4). As noted above, global warming is mainly caused by human activities. However, there are several environmental factors that contribute to changes in global temperature. Greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide increases the density of the atmosphere which in turn prevents heat radiation from escaping to space. This phenomenon leads to global warming. In addition, humans are unable to analyze the underlying cause of global warming because of the complicated nature of climate feedbacks (Hansen, Sato and Kharecha 4). Principles of Remote Sensing According to the article Principles of Remote Sensing written by Aggarwal, remote sensing is a method used to monitor atmosphere or earth’s surface using satellite technology or airplanes (23). Several aspects of electromagnetic field are used in remote sensing. It captures data on electromagnetic energy reflected by the surface of earth. The quantity of radiation from radiance (object) is determined by both radiat ion striking the radiance and the property of the object (Aggarwal 23). Remote Sensing Remote sensing refers to the indirect process of acquiring information about objects found on earth’s surface. Humans use sensing instruments to measure electromagnetic energy transmitted by an object. Remote sensing instruments enable humans to capture images of earth’s surface in different wavelength areas of electromagnetic spectrum (EMS). A number of of the pictures symbolize reflected solar radiation in the observable infrared areas of the EMS whereas others measure the amount of energy released by the surface of earth (Aggarwal 24). Remote sensing is essentially a multifaceted science discipline which entails an amalgamation of several disciplines for example photography, spectroscopy, electronic, telecommunication and computer. These disciplines are combined to form a complete system called Remote Sensing System.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There are several phases in a remote sensing process: discharge of electromagnetic radiation (EMR); transmission of energy from the source to earth’s domain; interface of electromagnetic radiation with the surface of earth; broadcast of energy from earth’s surface to the remote sensor; and output of sensor data (Aggarwal 24). The radiation from the sun is either reflected by earth’s surface, conveyed into the surface or emitted by earth’s surface. On interaction, the electromagnetic radiation experiences several adjustments in direction, magnitude, polarization, phase and wavelength. These adjustments are registered by the remote sensor and the interpreter is able to retrieve vital data concerning the object under observation. The data retrieved has spectral information (color, spectral mark and tone) and spatial data-direction, shape and size (Aggarwal 30). As noted above, the main source of radiation and electromagnetic radiation is the sun. Radiation f rom the sun is usually reflected by earth’s surface and sensed by airplane-borne sensor or satellite. The interaction between the atmosphere and electromagnetic radiation is critical to remote sensing for two key purposes. First, the interactions of electromagnetic with atmosphere enable interpreters to acquire important information concerning the atmosphere itself. Second, data conveyed by electromagnetic radiation is adjusted while navigating via the atmosphere. The atmospheric elements disperse and soak up the radiation reflected from the object by altering its spatial allotment. Both absorption and scattering differ with respect to their effect from one end of the spectrum to another (Aggarwal 34). Atmospheric scattering takes place when electromagnetic radiations are redirected by fine particles suspended in the atmosphere. Scattering not only alters the spectral signature of objects but also decreases the contrast of the image. The quantity of electromagnetic radiation scattered is determined by a number of factors: the wavelength of EMR; the mass of particles; the volume of particles; and the density of the atmosphere. The concentration of these particles fluctuates depending on the season and time. This implies that the outcomes of scattering will be spatially irregular and will differ from one season to another (Aggarwal 35). As noted above, the sun is the main source of EMR. Remote sensing refers to the indirect process of acquiring information about objects found on earth’s surface. Humans use different sensing instruments to measure electromagnetic energy transmitted by an object. The quantity of radiation from an object is determined by both radiation striking the radiance and the property of the object. Remote sensing is thus a useful technique for identifying and classifying various features of the earth and atmosphere. Works Cited Aggarwal, Shefali. Principle of Remote Sensing. Dehra Dun: Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, n.d. P rint. Hansen, James, Sato Makiko, and Kharecha, Pushker. Earth’s energy Imbalance and Implications. New York: Columbia University Earth Institute, 2010. Print. Trenberth, Kevin, Fasullo John, and Kiehl, Jeffery. Earth’s Global Energy Budget. Boulder, Colorado: National Center for Atmospheric Research, 2008. Print. This essay on Earth’s global Energy Budget was written and submitted by user Claudia V. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

O Pioneers essays

O Pioneers essays When assessing the impact that certain media will have on public audiences, one must consider the audience themselves and their preference towards a certain form of entertainment or education. Individuals who are in need of information, entertainment, and escape or any number of other uses can turn to television for gratification of that need. Among college students, for example, this preference can be explained best in terms of social theories which would suggest that TV is the more 'socially accepted' media with a greater appeal to young crowds than radio (Lazear, 1993). Therefore, the advertisers using a TV ad is more likely to influence public opinion among member of this one niche crowd than is the advertiser who places a similar piece in print. Television is indeed most popular among young people and "Generation Xers" but magazines and newspapers are more common among seniors (Tannenbaum, 1995). The company seeking to appeal to the opinions of either public must be cognizant of this. Nevertheless, there are several advantages and disadvantages of each group that remain constant regardless of the target market variable. And there are certain types of ads that all of us more readily seek out in print than we do on television. Where as a news print ad for clothing store might tells us all about which specific items are on a sale, the television version will usually only quickly alert us to the fact that there is a sale. Thus our opinion about purchases will not be as strong. But when we want to see some musical, "happy-go-lucky" reminder of why we "deserve a break" at McDonald's, our opinions are much more likely to be swayed by a television ad. When advertising through print, public opinion can be influenced over a greater period of time. Consider the fact that television ads are only in front of us for an average of thirty seconds; we see the entire thing and then it vanishes from our screen. Often, our recollection ...

Summary of support group meeting that focuses on mental health needs, Assignment

Summary of support group meeting that focuses on mental health needs, eg. depression etc - Assignment Example In a situation where she would not manage to access it, she had to go home or eat whatever was available, but the desire to eat would height. The worst problem was that she only craved for junks, a situation that resulted in uncontrolled weight gained, which made it very difficult for her to walk for long distances, run or even participate in activities that required physical strength. The meeting had eight members and each individual had a different story to share concerning their eating disorder, and how their families were tirelessly seeking ways through which they would help them solve the problem. I felt a sense of belonging, because I was among individuals that completely comprehended what I was going through and they were willing to share and engage each one of us in finding a solution to the problem that we were facing. I thought for a while, why it took so long to join the group, but I realized as most other members revealed that I lived in denial that I did not have a problem. I feel grateful to the people that encouraged me to take the step of engaging in the group therapy, because it helped me deal with the problem of isolation and stereotype that people who did not understand what I was going through displayed. As Halter and Varcarolis (2014) assert, group therapy offers quality ground on which people facing a similar issue can share their experiences and strategize ways to deal with the

ASU Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ASU - Essay Example I have always been lazy about attending these kinds of event but it turned out to be good for me. I always thought that it was boring and useless, but, indeed it was fun for me. Back home we do not have these sorts of events where all the students in a school go somewhere or do something together. Well, at ASU everything is different and new to me so I liked the experience, but one of my friends did not like it at all. By the end of the event while we were going back down he got a headache, and I blamed myself as being responsible for this, because I had brought him alongside me. At the beginning he didn’t want to come but I spent a few minutes convincing him until he agreed to come with me and my other friend. Well, that was a great day for me, I liked it, and I hope to do it once more. It was the first time for me to attend a football match because we do not have that back home. I was very nervous on seeing the large number of fans who had turned up for the football match. It was just my friend and I that had attended the game and it was very crowded, so there was a lot of noise coming from all over the stadium. I liked what was going on at first but then it kind of irritated me, so I was planning to leave the match, just 15 minutes after it had begun. This was my very first experience in a stadium that big and what really a football matched looked like in reality. The experience was very different from what I had seen before on TV. While I was watching the match, I became bored since I do not know the rules of the game or how the game was supposed to be played, so I did not find it that interesting to me. I have always wanted to attend a football match, though I did attend, I am afraid that could be the first and last time for me to attend such a match again. This is for the sole reason that I am not the kind of a person who likes big crowds of people in addition to too much noise

Global marketing strategy and product launch Essay

Global marketing strategy and product launch - Essay Example Besides providing an opportunity to the people to go beyond the ordinary, Dinner in the Sky’s mission is to provide a perfect environment to the customers with friendly services and utmost satisfaction (Mills et al, 2003). The restaurant marks its presence in more than 15 countries (Dinnerinthesky.com, 2012). The focus and the gist of this report would be to present the opportunity which the market of Pakistan presents Dinner in the Sky and to present a marketing plan and an audit of the market in order to successfully launch Dinner in the Sky in Pakistan. ... The idea of taking the diners literally in the sky and serving scrumptious food is being widely accepted throughout where the restaurant operates. The restaurant’s main aim is to provide a service and an experience which no one else in the market is providing. The big idea is to cater the client’s lavish needs of conducting their events such as important meetings, marriages etc in the sky but the primary purpose of the entity is to provide an ultimate dining experience to the customers. The restaurant’s vision is to mark its presence globally and promote the idea throughout the world (Dinnerinthesky.com, 2012). In line with the restaurant’s aim to promote the idea globally, Dinner in the Sky will launch its services in Karachi, which is the business hub of Pakistan. The market presents a good opportunity to the restaurant with a growing middle class. As the economic trend show a rise of investment and economic activity in the Asian countries, Dinner in the Sky must grab this business opportunity. Not only the economic side seems favorable but the marketing aspect of the market in accordance with Dinner in the Sky’s aims and objectives compliment the launching of the venture (Hotel, Restaurant & Tourism Directory of Pakistan, 2009; State Bank of Pakistan, 2011). 2 Environmental Analysis: 2.1 Political and Economic Analysis: Karachi, as mentioned above is the business hub of Pakistan. Apart from that, Karachi also is a home of people coming from many cultures and background. This becomes reason for some political disturbance in the city however, the higher end areas of the city, i.e. Clifton, Muhammad Ali Jinnah Society, Tariq Road, Defense Housing Authority remain calm (Hashmi, 1965). Apart from this, the economy of Pakistan is growing at a steady rate. Its

Future Strategic Direction Challenges Health And Social Care Essay

Future Strategic Direction Challenges Health And Social Care Essay There are a number of challenges surrounding and defining the future strategic direction of health care. They are; information technology advancements, proposed health care reform and legislation, economics; including third party payers and maintaining a skilled workforceand pay for performance are just a few of the current challenges in health care that will still have a significant effect on the strategic direction of the future.This paper will highlight the above referenced challenges and attempt to explain how organizations may adapt its direction and strategies accordingly. Healthcare reform is stated that it will make health care more affordable, make health insurers more accountable, expand health coverage to all Americans, and make the health system sustainable, stabilizing family budgets, the Federal budget, and the economy. There are two main purposes for the Health Care reform. The first is toput American families and small business owners in control of their own health care. Second it bridges the gap between the House and Senate bills,including new provisions to crack down on waste, fraud and abuse. The new law could be considered a massive failure because it is not designed to meet the three most important goals:Health insurance for all Americans,reduced insurance cost for individuals, businesses and government and increased quality of care. Newt Gingrich, former US House Speaker said the new healthcare law is socialized medicine and must be repealed. He called the legislation a back door road to socialized medicine that puts America at the edge of a possible catastrophic failure. (Lazarus, 2012) The U.S. has the most expensive health care in the world and the growth of health care prices grows more rapidly, but it still leaves the number of uninsured on the rise. Since early in the 20th century, health insurance coverage has been an important issue in the United States. The people who are uninsured or under-insured, have a higher mortality rate than those who have coverage.The Medicaid and Medicare programs have grown substantially; federal and state spending for them soon will be unable to keep pace with the demand for services.Medicare is a valuable source of health insurance for nearly 45 million Americans, mainly seniors ages 65 and older, but also 7 million younger adults with permanent disabilities.(Kaiser Family foundation, 2012) Medicare is a popular program, but faces a number of issues and challenges in the years to come. A critical challenge is how to finance care forfuture generations without unduly burdening beneficiaries, taxpayers, or the general economy. Another pressing issue relates to the role of private plans in Medicare, in light of rapid enrollment growth in recent years, and concerns about the current payment system for private plans. A third issue is the relatively new Medicare prescription drug benefit and how to address concerns about its current structure and further limit the burden of prescription drug spending. Lastly, there is the challenge of how to make health and long-term care more affordable for beneficiaries in light of rising health costs. (Kaiser Family foundation, 2012) Access to Health Care for the uninsured and poverty levels through trying to cut costs, have encouraged the shifting of Medicaid and Medicare beneficiaries to managed care. Medicaid provides health care to low income families with few resources. There are more requirements for Medicaid such as age, disability status and pregnancy status. The states provide Medicaid services to people who receive federal income assistance.Some 48 million people, or one in every seven people in the US, are now enrolled in the health care program for the poor(Randall, 2010). The spike comes as the recession has wiped out millions of jobs, and more people have lost their employer-sponsored health care coverage. US states are also forecasting a 6 percent increase in Medicaid enrollment over the next year, which will place increased strain on state budgets already reeling under the weight of the weak economy. (Randall, 2010) Pay-for-performance is a term that is used in describing health care payment system, which rewards hospitals, healthcare providers and doctors for their efficiency in a predetermined set of quality measures and performances. The adaptation of Pay-for-performance is important because in the current health care system the care providers are paid for each service that they perform that meets or exceeds the criteria set. Pay-for-performance offers health care providers financial incentives to performing more services.Hospitals need to work together with insurers, physicians, nurses, businesses, employers and individuals for better, safer and more affordable health care. Rewarding doctors, hospitals and others who deliver high-quality care can encourage accountability for patient care, offer incentives to coordinate care delivery and lead to better health care processes. One of the most common types of quality improvement programs is the pay-for-performance programs. This program links payment to specific steps taken or results achieved in care. According to a survey of health care purchasers, government agencies and health plans, at least half of evaluated pay-for-performance programs have significantly improved clinical performance. (Gillette, 2008) Managers in companies and different organizations use pay-for-performance in hopes to attract and motivate their employees. They expect performance standards will outweigh the costs of whatever incentives they put in place. The future of health care record keeping is in electronic medical records (EMR); computerized patient orders and electronic health records (HMR). However, the real recipients of the information technology advancements of automated patient records are the patients. Organizations are increasingly becoming global in their operations. Technology has made it easy to transcend geographical barriers to collaborate within the health care industry even if you are thousands of miles apart. With the advancement of technology it allows health care providers to access information about previous care, medications, prescriptions, lab results, or clinical guidelines which could support more productive discussions about current medical issues. The provider-patient relationship is one of our most valued and important connection, Technology can be used to enhance communication, increase compliance, limit no-shows, and improve treatment outcomes. Health information is among the most frequently sought search categories on the World wide-web, and consumers have been increasingly empowered to participate actively in both treatment and preventions. (Shortlife, 2005)In order for health ITs to deliver on its promise, several obstacles must be overcome. First, health IT systems must be able to speak the same language; in computer terms, they must be interoperable. These systems must also be linked in some way. Another issue is whether patient privacy might be jeopardized by health IT systems. We all know that technology isnt cheap, so who pays for these advancements? Currently, providers are expected to bear most of the initial costs, while most of the savings accrue to others. For example, hospitals often spend tens of millions of dollars on CPOE systems, providing benefits for other stakeholders-insurers, purchasers and patients. One majorstudy found that it would cost more than $150 billion over five years to develop a nationally interoperable system, including equipping physicians with standardized IT systems. (Kaushal, 2005) Retaining a skilled workforce in health care is important to adding certainty in the deliverance of quality patient care. Physicians as well as the staff of health care organizations need to be trained continually and educated frequently to stay up-to-date with health care technology. Health care workers need be ready for the future direction of the geriatric population. As the baby boomers over 65 increases, more health care work force needs training in geriatric care. A strategic direction for health care is training in the health care sectors is training for health care jobs that require certain competencies. Caring for the needs of the elderly population and the skills to work with them is in high demand. Skilled health care workers have an understanding of chronic and terminal conditions and have valuable experience in different settings. Health care workers need skills in how to converse in geriatric and hospice care settings in order to achieve successful patient transition (G entiva Health Services, 2011). By building on established public-private partnerships, hospitals, government, educational institutions, businesses and community groups can all work together to meet our future health care needs.The Government will build on the reforms it is already delivering with further investment in new health workforce training and support measures.Maintaining a skilled workforce is a challenge in health care, and is important to the future direction of health care. This does not just refer to physicians, but front-end staff and more. Health care organization can adapt its direction and strategies accordingly by keeping their workforce resources and competencies updated with continuous training applicable in technique and in technology. Most health care providers and their organizations study strategic planning approaches and concepts that will lead to success and improvement in the health care sector. While an ongoing process, strategic adaptation can be greatly accelerated by a relatively dramatic and visible change or set of changes in the environment. Organizations which do not adapt their strategies and restructure accordingly in anticipation or in response to these changes may jeopardize performance. (Zinn, Mor, Feng, Intrator, 2007) Strategic direction of an organization should be the guiding force and framework in which they operate. There will always be changes made in every aspect of health care. There will be improvements in technology, financial support, advancements of medicine, and overall care of patients will continue to grow. Nobody can say for sure what will happen to our health care system or what changes will be effective. Organizations need to continue to communicate and have a willingness to adjust to changes within the organization and also make room for the needed improvements.

Its Time to Terraform Mars :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

It's Time to Terraform Mars "Earth is Heaven. Venus is Hell. Mars is neither, yet." K.G.M. Paterson Introduction Our solar system began to form 4.6 billion years ago from a swirling mass cloud. Give or take a couple of million years, the gas cooled and joined to form large bodies called â€Å"protoplanets,† which later became the planets we know today. Whatever was left after the planets formed became comets or asteroids, strewn about all over the solar system. After 100 million years, the enormous ball of gas at the center of this swirling mass cloud overheated and exploded in a huge nuclear reaction. This reaction gave birth to the sun we know today. This sun has enough energy to provide for nine planets, and just the right mix of masses and orbits to provide Earth with the right ingredients to support life. Of course, after many more millions of years, these right ingredients led to the recipe for human life; soon people of the ancient world observed the movements of the planets. The ancient Greeks thought they were wandering stars, and gave them the name planetes, or wanderers . Of course, the Romans conquered the Greeks, and renamed the planets after their gods. Earth is the only planet whose name doesn’t derive from ancient Greek or Roman mythology. Earth comes from the Old English word Gaia; but the Romans called our planet Terra, hence Terra Firma. Mars was said to be named after the god of war because of its angry red color; but early on Mars was worshipped as a god of growth and fertility. Earth This third rock from the sun has just the right mix of variables to encourage and sustain life on it for so many years. But why here and no where else you ask? Most of it has to do with the fact that it is the third rock from the sun. The distance from the sun (150 million km) is just the right distance to allow for water to exist as a liquid, an important ingredient to sustain life. With over 2/3 of the planet covered with water, the Earth’s oceans are perfect for regulating the temperature of the planet at a consistent 22 °C, another important ingredient to allow life to survive. With a powerful magnetic field

Notes Receivables

NOTES RECEIVABLE * Represents claims for which formal instruments of credit are issued as evidence of debt, such as promissory note. The credit instrument normally requires the debtor to pay interest and extends for time periods of 30 days or longer. Notes receivables are considered current asset if they are to be paid within 1 year and non- current if they are expected to be paid after one year. NEGOTIABLE PROMISSORY NOTES * Unconditional promise in writing made by one person to another, signed by the maker, engaging to pay in demand or at the fixed determinable future time a sum certain in money to order or to bearer.An entity owned a tract of land costing P 800,000 and sold the land for P1,000,000. On January 1, 2011 the entity received a 1- year note for 1,000,000 plus interest of 12% compounded annually. Journal Entry: First year: Note receivable1,000,000 Land800,000 Gain on sale of land200,000 # DISHONORED NOTES * Promissory note matures and is not paid. * When the maker of a n ote fails to pay on the due date, the note receivable is considered to be dishonored. A dishonored note is no longer negotiable. Journal Entry: 2012 Jan. 1 Accounts receivable1,120,000 Notes receivable 1,000,000Interest income 120,000 # INITIAL MEASUREMENT * Conceptually, notes receivable shall be measured initially at PRESENT VALUE. * However, SHORT TERM NOTES are measured at FACE VALUE. * The initial measurements of LONG TERM NOTES will depend on whether the notes are INTEREST- BEARING or NONINTEREST- BEARING. INTEREST- BEARING LONG TERM NOTES are measured at FACE VALUE which is actually the present value upon issuance. NONINTEREST- BEARING LONG TERM NOTES are measured at PRESENT VALUE which is the discounted value of the future cash flow using the effective interest rate. SUBSEQUENT MEASUREMENTAmortized Cost * the amount at which the note receivable is measured initially minus principal repayment, plus or minus the cumulative amortization of any difference between the initial car rying amount and the principal maturity amount minus reduction for impairment or uncollectibility. For long-term noninterest-bearing notes: Amortized Cost = present value + amortization of the discount Or Amortized Cost = face value – unamortized unearned interest income Accordingly, only long-term notes receivable will be discussed in conjunction with the present value concept under the following situations: . interest-bearing note b. noninterest bearing note Problem 7-2 â€Å"FATHOM COMPANY† (INTEREST- BEARING NOTE) 2011 Jan. 1Cash1,000,000 Notes Receivable6,000,000 Land5,000,000 Gain on sale of land2,000,000 # Dec. 31 Accrued Interest Receivable720,000 Interest Income720,000 (6,000,000 x 12%) # 2012 Dec 31 Accrued Interest Receivable806,400 Interest Income806,400 # 6,000,000| +| 720,000| =| 6,720,000| | | | *| 12%| | | | | 806,400| 2013 Jan. 1Cash7,526,400 Notes Receivable6,000,000 Accrued Interest Receivable? 1,526,400 #Accrued interest receivable? 2011| | | 720,00 0| 2012| | | 806,400| | | | 1,526,400| Problem 7-3 â€Å"BUG COMPANY† (NONINTEREST- BEARING NOTE 1) 2010 Jan. 1Note receivable600,000 Sales540,000 Unearned interest income 60,000 # DATE| NOTES RECEIVABLE BALANCE| FRACTION| INTEREST INCOME| Dec. 31, 2010| 600,000| 1/2| 30,000| Dec. 31, 2011| 400,000| 1/3| 20,000| Dec. 31, 2012| 200,000| 1/6| 10,000| | 1,200,00| | | Dec. 31Cash200,000 Notes receivable200,000 # Unearned interest income30,000 Interest income30,000 # 2011 Dec. 31Cash200,000Notes receivable200,000 # Unearned interest income20,000 Interest income20,000 # 2012 Dec. 31Cash200,000 Note receivable200,000 # Unearned interest income10,000 Interest income10,000 # PROBLEM 7-4 â€Å"IMPRESS COMPANY† (NONINTEREST- BEARING NOTE 2) 2010 Jan. 1Cash100,000 Note receivable900,000 Sale? 820,540 Unearned interest income? 179,460 # Face value900,000 Present value (300,000*2. 4018)720540 Unearned interest income? 179,460 Present value720,540 Cash received100,000 Sales price? 82 0,540DATE| ANNUAL COLLECTION| INTEREST INCOME| PRINCIPAL| CARRYING AMOUNT| Jan. 1, 2010| | | | 720,540| Dec. 31,2010| 300,000| 86,465| 213,535| 507,005| Dec. 31,2011| 300,000| 60,841| 239,159| 267,846| Dec. 31,2012| 300,000| 32,154| 267,846| ? | Dec. 31Cash300,000 Unearned interest income 86,465 Note receivable300,000 Interest income 86,465 # 2011 Dec. 31Cash300,000 Unearned interest income 60,841 Note receivable300,000 Interest income 60,841 # 2012 Dec. 31Cash300,000 Unearned interest income 32,154 Note receivable300,000 Interest income 32,154 #

Damned vs. Dammed

Damned vs. Dammed Damned vs. Dammed Damned vs. Dammed By Simon Kewin An article from the Yale School of Forestry Environmental Studies recently revealed the shocking news that some South Korean rivers have been condemned to eternal punishment : The natural landscape of South Korea has been largely re-engineered, with nearly every river damned or forced into concrete channels. Of course, what the piece really meant to say was dammed with a dam on it. Dammed and damned are two words that are often confused, not least because they are homophones; they sound the same. Its also easy to miss an incorrect usage because the two words look so similar. The main evening news on the BBC recently displayed a graphic for a story about a damming report into the UK Ministry of Defence. The report had nothing to do with dams. To add to the confusion, the words are often deliberately mixed up by writers for the purpose of creating witty or ironic titles. The distinction is straightforward. Rivers are dammed and sinners are damned. LONDON - There are three kinds of lies, goes the old saying popularized by Mark Twain: â€Å"lies, damned lies, and statistics.† That’s been on my mind this month as I’ve watched a big scandal over aid workers’ (www.nytimes.com) gnawed through by the beaver family, all dead or dying under 3ft of water. The beavers have done what beavers do – dammed the stream that links one loch with another, allowing them to swim their territory instead of walk it. The result (www.theguardian.com) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:25 Subordinating ConjunctionsThe Difference Between "will" and "shall"While vs. Whilst

Desirees Baby essays

Desiree's Baby essays Kate Chopin's short story, "Desiree's Baby," begins by explaining how Desiree comes to live with Monsieur and Madame ValmondeMonsieur Valmonde finds her as a child sleeping on his property, and he and his wife decide to raise her. When Desiree grows up, Armand Aubigny falls in love with her, and despite Monsieur Valmonde's warnings that Desiree's origins are unknown, Armand marries her and they have a baby boy. At first, they are both extremely proud and happy, and Armand even treats his Negro slaves kindly because he is in such a joyful state of mind. However, Armand's manner changes when the baby is three months old: he stops looking into Desiree's eyes when he speaks to her, he treats the slaves awfully, and he seems to fall out of love with Desiree. Desiree is miserable and cannot understand why her husband has changed. One day she is in her room looking at her sleeping child and she notices that his skin color is darker than "normal;" she asks Armand what it means, and he tells her that the child is not white, so therefore she must not be white, and he sends her away and burns all of her things, only to read an old letter that reveals it was his own mother who was black. The moment Armand presumed Desiree to be of Negro origins, he wanted nothing to do with her or his own son because to him, being black was completely inferior; however, the irony is that it was him all along who had a black parent, sending Chopin's message that judging another human being based on his or her skin color is completely immoral The central character in this story is Desiree, who grows up to be a "beautiful and gentle, affectionate and sincere" woman with a fair complexion and long, silky brown hair. Desiree is happy and gleeful, is kind to her slaves, and wants to please her husband in any way. Chopin writes of Armand and Desiree: "When he frowned she trembled, b...

Cover Letter Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Cover Letter - Personal Statement Example In addition, I have taken a number of courses that prepare me for a career in the industry. For example, I took a diploma in professional jewelry as well as a bachelor’s degree in business management. In addition, course like hotel management have helped me learn about the relevance of hospitality and other interpersonal traits that are important in the luxury industry. In addition to the educational background, I have adequate working experience to fit into any category in the luxury industry. My working experiences include leadership posts, sales executive in luxury cars as well as advertisement internship. In addition, I speak two languages and I have found this to be a useful trait in an international industry. My education, life cultural interactions and work experience have prepared me to work in almost all sectors of the luxury industry. In addition to my dedication and work ethic, they all ensure that I am a valuable addition to your company I welcome the opportunity to discuss my skill set and the position. If you have any questions or want to schedule an interview, please contact me using this number (Insert Phone number) or this email address (insert email address). I look forward to hearing from

Sidney becket Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Sidney becket - Research Paper Example Bechet’s contributions to jazz music helped to define and legitimize the genre in creating recognition for the form as complex and engaging. Although different accounts dispute whether or not he could read music, he preferred not to, his ear perfect and suited for defining music to get to its soul. Bechet was born in 1897 to a family that was part of the Creole culture of New Orleans. Creole origins refer to those of Spanish or French heritage that populated the New Orleans region. Black Creole refers to those children of plantation owners and slaves that were able to gain their freedom. According to the Black Code of 1724, children of owners and slaves were allowed to be freed and could then own land. Many of the Black Creoles owned plantations and held successful businesses, giving them a vital position in New Orleans society. From the freedoms that money allowed, came the opportunity to pursue the arts. As well, most of their children were sent to France for an education and this wealthy class tended to be more associated with their European roots than the America in which they lived. Classical music was a part of the culture, and when combined with ragtime, European style dance music, and rich traditions of folk music, jazz was born (Kirchner 48). Thus, a great number of j azz musicians came out of New Orleans. Bechet’s musical talent was discovered when he was just a child. He bought a ten cent tin flute when he was twelve and revealed his talent on this toy instrument in such a way as to impress earn him the title â€Å"Wizard of Jazz†. He soon got a clarinet and took to disassembling the instrument and turning up randomly at the concerts of local bands and taking the stage. He left the audiences in awe of his talent (31). After his adolescence, he traveled the United States playing his music until he was discovered by Will Marion Cook in 1919 who offered him a space in the New York